إريتريا KYC, KYB & AML compliance checklist
قائمة عملية وموثقة بالمصادر لتنفيذ متطلبات KYC وKYB وAML في إريتريا.
- تاريخ آخر مراجعة
- تاريخ آخر مراجعة:
- الإصدار
- الإصدار 1.0
إجابة مباشرة
ما الذي تغطيه قائمة الامتثال الخاصة بـ إريتريا؟
تحوّل قائمة إريتريا قواعد KYC وKYB وAML الأساسية إلى 11 مجالات رقابية و32 فحوص تنفيذ، وتشمل الجهات المختصة وواجبات الإبلاغ والأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها.
حقائق تنظيمية أساسية
- FIU
- Legally established; July 2025 evaluation reported it was not operational
- Primary AML law
- Proclamation No. 175/2014, amended by No. 181/2018
- CDD threshold
- Occasional transactions above USD 10,000 or equivalent, including linked operations
- Suspicion reporting
- Promptly to the FIU; attempts and all amounts included, but route/timing remain unspecified
- Core retention
- 10 years after transaction completion or relationship termination
- FATF status
- Not named on FATF public lists as at 19 June 2026
تفاصيل التنفيذ
متطلبات وإجراءات الامتثال في إريتريا
افتح كل مجال لمراجعة المتطلب وإجراء التنفيذ المقترح والأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها والمصدر الأساسي.
01Scope, authorities, and licensingResolve the legal perimeter and authority before launch.3 عناصر+
Determine whether each activity is regulated or subject to AML/CFT duties.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Map each entity, product and channel to financial-institution or DNFBP categories and document the responsible licensing and AML authority.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Perimeter memo, product map and authority correspondence.
- المصدر الأساسي
- Proclamation No. 175/2014 as amended; ESAAMLG MER 2025, Recommendations 22, 26 and 28
Treat the FIU as the statutory STR recipient without assuming it is operational.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Before launch, obtain written confirmation of current FIU status, form, channel, acknowledgement and contingency procedure from the Ministry of Finance and National Development or Bank of Eritrea.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Current authority instructions, access approval, channel test and escalation plan.
- المصدر الأساسي
- Proclamation No. 175/2014, Articles 20-23; ESAAMLG MER 2025, IO.6 and Recommendation 29
Obtain approval before regulated financial activity.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Confirm Bank of Eritrea permission for banking, foreign exchange, inward remittance, insurance and any new payment or digital-finance model; do not infer permission from an adjacent licence.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Licence analysis, application, approval and conditions register.
- المصدر الأساسي
- Financial Institutions Proclamation No. 94/1997; ESAAMLG MER 2025, Recommendations 14, 15 and 26
02Governance and risk assessmentUse documented risk and accountable controls despite the developing national framework.3 عناصر+
Assess customer, product, geography, transaction and channel risk.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Maintain an approved ML/TF/PF assessment and update it for material change; do not treat the country's closed financial system as proof of low risk.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Methodology, assessment, approval and change log.
- المصدر الأساسي
- Proclamation No. 175/2014, Article 6(17); Legal Notice No. 130/2018, Article 17; ESAAMLG MER 2025, Recommendation 1
Maintain compliance management, screening, training and independent testing.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Appoint a sufficiently senior compliance officer, screen staff, train relevant personnel, test controls and track remediation.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Appointment, policies, training, audit plan and remediation log.
- المصدر الأساسي
- Proclamation No. 175/2014, Article 19; ESAAMLG MER 2025, Recommendation 18
Review new technology before use.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Assess ML/TF/PF, fraud, cybersecurity and identity risks before introducing remote onboarding, payment technology or materially changed products.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Pre-launch assessment, tests, approval and residual-risk acceptance.
- المصدر الأساسي
- Prudent control responding to ESAAMLG MER 2025, Recommendation 15 deficiencies
03Natural-person identificationCDD relies on current, reliable and independent evidence.3 عناصر+
Identify and verify customers before the relationship or occasional transaction.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Verify natural-person identity from reliable independent material and record provenance, validity and exceptions.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Identity record, verification result and source provenance.
- المصدر الأساسي
- Proclamation No. 175/2014, Articles 6(3)-(4); Legal Notice No. 130/2018, Article 14
Apply CDD at the statutory triggers.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Perform CDD when establishing a relationship, for occasional transactions above USD 10,000 or equivalent including linked operations, on suspicion regardless of amount, and when prior identification data is doubtful.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Trigger logic, linked-transaction review and completed CDD file.
- المصدر الأساسي
- Proclamation No. 175/2014, Article 6(3)
Verify representatives and authority.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Identify and verify anyone acting for a customer and authenticate the mandate before granting access or execution.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Identity record, mandate, validation and access log.
- المصدر الأساسي
- Proclamation No. 175/2014, Article 6(6)-(7)
04KYB, registries, and beneficial ownershipBasic registration does not establish beneficial ownership.3 عناصر+
Verify legal existence, governance, address and authority.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Obtain current Business Licensing Office evidence, constitutional records, senior-management details, registered and principal addresses and signatory powers.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Registry record, constitution, licences, powers and reconciliation.
- المصدر الأساسي
- Proclamation No. 175/2014, Article 6(6); Legal Notice No. 130/2018, Article 14(4)
Identify and reasonably verify natural-person beneficial owners.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Trace controlling ownership to natural persons using reliable sources and document any unresolved control gap; do not invent an ownership percentage.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Ownership chart, source records, verified identities and gap analysis.
- المصدر الأساسي
- Proclamation No. 175/2014, Articles 2(2) and 6(7); ESAAMLG MER 2025, Recommendation 10
Do not rely on a comprehensive beneficial-owner register.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Collect ownership and control evidence directly and reconcile it with basic registry and licensing data; escalate bearer, nominee or opaque structures.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Source comparison, discrepancy review and escalation.
- المصدر الأساسي
- ESAAMLG MER 2025, Recommendation 24
05PEPs, EDD, and remote onboardingHigher-risk relationships need proportionate enhanced measures.3 عناصر+
Detect PEP exposure in customers and beneficial owners.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Use risk-management systems to identify domestic and foreign PEPs, family members and close associates at onboarding and during the relationship; separately assess international-organisation functions.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Screening, relationship map, match decision and refresh log.
- المصدر الأساسي
- Proclamation No. 175/2014, Article 2(23); Legal Notice No. 130/2018, Article 17; ESAAMLG MER 2025, Recommendation 12
Apply approval, source and monitoring controls to PEPs and other high risk.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Obtain senior approval, establish source of wealth and source of funds, and conduct enhanced ongoing monitoring proportionate to risk.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Approval, provenance analysis and monitoring plan.
- المصدر الأساسي
- Legal Notice No. 130/2018, Article 17; ESAAMLG MER 2025, Recommendation 12
Do not launch remote onboarding on assumed legal sufficiency.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Confirm acceptable electronic evidence and signatures with the Bank of Eritrea, then use proportionate liveness, device, fraud and exception controls.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Authority confirmation, design assessment, tests and exceptions.
- المصدر الأساسي
- Prudent control; ESAAMLG MER 2025, Recommendation 15
06Monitoring and suspicious reportingReporting must be prompt, confidential and reconstructable despite unresolved mechanics.3 عناصر+
Monitor activity against customer knowledge and risk.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Scrutinise transactions throughout the relationship, keep CDD current and examine unusual or inconsistent activity.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Alerts, investigation, disposition and profile refresh.
- المصدر الأساسي
- Proclamation No. 175/2014, Article 7(1)
Report suspicious transactions and attempts regardless of amount.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- File promptly when reasonable grounds exist, including attempted transactions, using the current authority-confirmed route; record the decision and transmission chronology.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Decision log, report, transmission proof and receipt or contingency record.
- المصدر الأساسي
- Proclamation No. 175/2014, Article 23, as amended by Proclamation No. 181/2018, Article 7
Prevent tipping off and restrict disclosure.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Limit access to reports and related inquiries and do not disclose them to the customer or unauthorised persons.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Access controls, logs, confidentiality procedure and training.
- المصدر الأساسي
- Proclamation No. 175/2014, Article 24; ESAAMLG MER 2025, Recommendation 21
07Payments, wires, thresholds, and partnersSeparate binding thresholds from safer operational controls.3 عناصر+
Do not invent an automatic cash-reporting threshold.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Obtain any current objective-reporting directive, scope, aggregation, frequency and channel directly from the FIU or Bank of Eritrea before configuring production rules.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Authority-confirmed rule, configuration, filings and receipts.
- المصدر الأساسي
- ESAAMLG MER 2025, IO.4 and Recommendation 20
Control originator and beneficiary information on wires.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Capture and validate payer and payee information and use documented rules to execute, reject, suspend and follow up deficient transfers; treat USD 10,000 as the assessed domestic de minimis, not the FATF standard.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Messages, validation rules, exception decisions and retention proof.
- المصدر الأساسي
- Proclamation No. 175/2014, Articles 9 and 11; Legal Notice No. 130/2018, Article 16; ESAAMLG MER 2025, Recommendation 16
Retain responsibility for providers and agents.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Verify permission, diligence providers, contract for security and record access, monitor performance and test retrieval.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Due diligence, approval, contract, monitoring and retrieval test.
- المصدر الأساسي
- Applicable Bank of Eritrea approval; ESAAMLG MER 2025, Recommendations 14 and 17
08Targeted financial sanctionsThe 2025 evaluation found no adequate TFS legal basis or implementation mechanism.3 عناصر+
Screen current UN designations as a risk and correspondent control.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Screen customers, beneficial owners, controllers, representatives and transactions against the current UN consolidated list and applicable counterparty requirements.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- List inventory, update logs, configuration and dispositions.
- المصدر الأساسي
- UN Security Council consolidated list; ESAAMLG MER 2025, Recommendations 6-7
Do not assert a domestic immediate-freeze power that has not been verified.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- For a confirmed match, prevent voluntary execution where lawfully possible, preserve assets and evidence, and obtain urgent written direction from the competent Eritrean authority and counsel.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Match analysis, hold basis, timestamps and authority direction.
- المصدر الأساسي
- ESAAMLG MER 2025, Recommendations 6-7
Document reporting, false-positive and release authority.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Establish the current national route and act only on documented lawful authority; do not reuse the former country-specific UN sanctions regime, terminated in 2018.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Procedure, authority correspondence, decisions and reconciliation.
- المصدر الأساسي
- UN Security Council Resolution 2444 (2018); ESAAMLG MER 2025, IO.10-11
09Records and regulator accessRecords must reconstruct customers, ownership, transactions and decisions.3 عناصر+
Retain CDD and relationship records for at least ten years.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Keep CDD, account files and business correspondence for ten years after relationship termination or the occasional transaction.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Schedule, archive sample, deletion control and legal holds.
- المصدر الأساسي
- Proclamation No. 175/2014, Article 11(1)
Retain transaction records for at least ten years.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Keep domestic and international transaction records for ten years after completion in a form sufficient to reconstruct individual transactions; prudently retain investigation analysis too.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Reconstruction test, analysis file and archive controls.
- المصدر الأساسي
- Proclamation No. 175/2014, Article 11(2)-(3)
Produce records securely to competent authorities.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Authenticate requests, protect STR confidentiality, produce reproducibly and log scope, timing and acknowledgement.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Request, approval, production index and receipt.
- المصدر الأساسي
- Proclamation No. 175/2014, Article 11; ESAAMLG MER 2025, Recommendation 11
10Privacy, biometrics, and transfersThe 2025 evaluation records no comprehensive data-protection framework.3 عناصر+
Map legal basis, purpose, access, security and retention for identity data.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Reconcile AML retention and authority-access duties with contract, confidentiality, employment and sector rules; minimise collection and document access.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Data inventory, legal assessment, notice and access matrix.
- المصدر الأساسي
- Applicable sector/confidentiality rules; ESAAMLG MER 2025 contextual findings
Apply enhanced controls to biometric and sensitive data.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Document necessity, minimise collection, encrypt data, restrict access and independently test vendors and biometric security.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Impact assessment, vendor review, tests and approval.
- المصدر الأساسي
- Prudent security control; no comprehensive national biometric rule verified
Confirm transfers and incidents before production.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Obtain current primary guidance on cross-border transfers, competent authority and incident reporting; do not invent a portal, adequacy test or deadline.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Counsel memo, authority guidance, transfer assessment and incident plan.
- المصدر الأساسي
- Current Eritrean and applicable sector rules; controlled uncertainty
11Practical evidence packsMaintain compact evidence that reproduces regulated decisions.2 عناصر+
Maintain a reconstructable onboarding pack.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Bundle identity, KYB, beneficial ownership, screening, risk, approvals and exceptions under stable identifiers.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Complete sampled onboarding pack.
- المصدر الأساسي
- Operational control supporting Proclamation No. 175/2014, Articles 6, 7 and 11
Maintain a reconstructable monitoring and reporting pack.
- إجراء التنفيذ
- Link transactions, alerts, analysis, approvals, reports and post-filing controls while protecting confidentiality.
- الأدلة الواجب الاحتفاظ بها
- Complete sampled case pack and access log.
- المصدر الأساسي
- Operational control supporting Proclamation No. 175/2014, Articles 11, 23 and 24
سجل المصادر الأساسية
9 مصدرًا مستخدمًا في هذه القائمة
استخدم هذه الروابط للتحقق من التشريعات وإرشادات الجهات الرقابية وإجراءات الإبلاغ والبيانات الدولية.
- Anti-Money Laundering and Combating Financing of Terrorism Proclamation No. 175/2014Government of Eritrea (reproduced by Africa Laws) · Primary legislation reproduction
- Eritrea Mutual Evaluation Report - July 2025ESAAMLG / FATF · Authoritative country assessment
- Eritrea mutual-evaluation publication pageFATF · Authoritative country assessment
- ESAAMLG publication notice for Eritrea MERESAAMLG · Authoritative regional-body notice
- FATF black and grey listsFATF · Authoritative current status
- Financial Institutions Proclamation No. 94/1997Government of Eritrea (Library of Congress copy) · Primary legislation reproduction
- United Nations Security Council consolidated sanctions listUnited Nations · Authoritative sanctions list
- Security Council Resolution 2444 (2018)United Nations · Primary international instrument
- Housing and Commerce Bank of Eritrea AML/CFT Policy 2024Housing and Commerce Bank of Eritrea · Official bank implementation context
إجابات مباشرة
أسئلة KYC وKYB وAML في إريتريا
Who receives suspicious transaction reports?+
The legally established Financial Intelligence Unit. The July 2025 evaluation reported that it was not operational, so obtain current filing and contingency instructions before launch.
When is an STR required?+
Promptly on reasonable grounds of suspicion, including attempted transactions and regardless of amount. The assessed framework did not specify a precise deadline, form or method.
What is the occasional-transaction CDD threshold?+
Above USD 10,000 or equivalent, including linked operations. Suspicion and doubts about prior identity data trigger CDD regardless of that threshold.
Is there an automatic cash-reporting threshold?+
No universal operative threshold was verified. Obtain any current directive, scope, aggregation and channel directly from the FIU or Bank of Eritrea.
How is beneficial ownership handled?+
Financial institutions must identify and reasonably verify natural persons with controlling ownership. The assessed law lacked other-control and senior-manager fallback tests, and no comprehensive BO register was available.
How long are records retained?+
CDD and relationship records for ten years after termination or the occasional transaction; transaction records for ten years after completion.
Is Eritrea on a FATF public list?+
It was not named on FATF's high-risk or increased-monitoring lists current at 19 June 2026. This is not a low-risk finding.
Can virtual-asset services launch under a clear licence?+
The 2025 evaluation found no VASP licensing or registration framework. Do not launch without current written confirmation from competent Eritrean authorities.
منهجية البحث والمراجعة
تحدد VOVE ID Compliance Research النطاق التنظيمي، وتحول الالتزامات إلى ضوابط تشغيلية، وتربط الادعاءات الجوهرية بالمصادر، وتسجل تاريخ وإصدار كل مراجعة.
General regulatory information, not legal advice or a licence determination. Reviewed as applicable on 24 August 2026. Confirm post-assessment legal changes, FIU operational status and filing instructions, Bank of Eritrea directives, sanctions authority, business-register evidence, data rules and each product licence with the competent authority and qualified Eritrean counsel before launch.